Sperm Donor anonymity debate in US - Should the law change?

When couples struggle with fertility, many of them turn to sperm donors to help them get pregnant.
This process has worked well for many families, but one woman, who used a sperm donor to have a child, says she thinks there should be changes made in the industry.

Wendy Kramer says her son always wanted to meet his biological dad, so she co-founded the Donor Sibling Registry, a website that allows donors and donor-conceived children to voluntarily connect. She says there are now 33,000 users and the website has made more than 9,000 connections.

Families input the name of their sperm bank and their donor number, and see if there are any links with donors or half siblings.

Kramer says it’s very rewarding, but she’s noticed a few things on her website that she finds alarming, like the number of children seemingly fathered by one sperm donor. “We do know there are groups of 50, 70, 100 all the way up to 150 children for one sperm donor,” Kramer says.

She believes that increases the risk of passing on genetic disorders, and poses the risk that a random meeting of half siblings could turn into accidental incest.

“We hear about random and chance meetings all the time on the donor sibling registry,” Kramer said. Kramer believes the sperm bank industry needs to make some big changes. “Donor anonymity is an archaic practice, and it’s something that should be banned,” she says.

She’d like for the donors’ medical histories to be updated over time, and she wants to see some sort of data base that would show if men were donating at multiple sperm banks. But sperm bank directors say this is a complicated issue. “We cannot control the patient,” said Betsy Cairo with Cryogam, the state’s only commercial sperm bank.

She says her bank does limit the number of pregnancies to eight in the region and 25 in the country, but try as they might, they have a hard time getting information once the sperm goes out to other clinics. Cairo says every shipment includes a form asking the patient or the doctor to let the sperm bank know if a pregnancy results, but less than half of people even respond.

“If a patient chooses not to disclose, that is her choice, so are you going to regulate the patient?” she asked. It is a complicated issue. Other countries, including the UK, have done away with anonymity, allowing children born using sperm or egg donation to get information about their genetic parents when they reach age 18. The donors have no financial responsibility, but some people argue that banning donor anonymity would mean fewer people would donate.

Article: Fox 31 Denver 8th November 2011

Washington State USA, takes first step to end donor anonymity

As women postpone having children and face the ticking of their biological clocks, they may turn to donor eggs or donor sperm to help them have children. For women (and men) in Washington State, the fertility industry will be transformed in late July, 2011. Under a law recently signed by the governor, anyone who provides sperm or eggs to a fertility clinic in the state must also provide identifying information and a medical history. While that is, in fact, a customary practice for most fertility clinics, another part of the law will allow children born from donated gametes to return to the fertility clinic when they reach the age of 18 to request the identifying information and the medical history. Although the donor can file a disclosure veto that prevents the clinic from revealing the identifying information, the donor offspring will still be entitled to the medical information.
No other U.S. state has taken the same steps. Not only can fertility clinics destroy records long before the child turns 18, but also donor offspring are not entitled to any information about their donors and medical information is rarely updated and shared amongst donors and recipient families.

Some international laws are different. Sweden enacted legislation in 1984 that allows donor offspring the right to receive identifying information about their donor. Other countries have followed, with Austria, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, the UK, and some states in Australia all prohibiting anonymous gamete donation, and also setting up systems to help people find out their donor's identity. In May, shortly after the governor signed the Washington state legislation, the British Columbia Supreme Court declared that people conceived by donor gametes had to be treated in the same way as people who had been adopted with respect to accessing information about their biological parents.

The new Washington law is an important milestone. It is, however, flawed, because it includes a disclosure veto, allowing the donors' alleged interests in privacy to trump the interests of donor-conceived offspring and the intending parents in learning the donor's identity. For many donor offspring, learning about their biological parent is much more than just learning about their medical history. The issues and concerns of donor offspring are often complex and multi-dimensional. Many feel that until they know about their ancestral, genetic heritage, they will not properly be able to form a full self-identity. As in adoption, many speak of the great desire to know their biological parents so that they can better understand themselves. After many decades of silence, and fueled by the movement towards full disclosure within families, the voices of donor conceived people are being heard round the world, and they demanding what they see as their basic human rights to know about and connect with their genetic families.

Vasanti Jadva, at the Centre for Family Research at the University of Cambridge, collaborated with Wendy Kramer and several others in a study looking at the experiences of donor offspring in searching for, and contacting, their donor siblings and donor. They recruited 165 participants through the Donor Sibling Registry, so there was already some curiosity about their origins. Among the participants, 77% were searching for their donors and listed the top reasons for searching as "Curiosity about characteristics of your donor", "Wanting to meet your donor ", "Medical reasons", and "To have a better understanding of why I am who I am."

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